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YouyouTu
Beforeyouwatch
HowdidTuwinChinasfirstNobelPrizeinMedicine?
Background
YouyouTusearchedancientliteratureonherbalmedicineinherquesttodevelopnovelmalariatherapies.TheplantArtemisiaannuaturnedouttobeaninterestingcandidate,andTudevelopedapurificationprocedure,whichrenderedtheactiveagent,Artemisinin,adrugthatisremarkablyeffectiveagainstMalaria.
获奖理由:“因为发现Artemisinin(青蒿素)——一种用于治疗malaria(疟疾)的药物,挽救了全球特别是发展中国家的数百万人的生命。”屠呦呦评奖的关键是三个第一:
第一个把青蒿素带入了“”项目(疟疾防治药物研究项目)
第一个提取出了具有%活性的青蒿素(屠呦呦起到的关键作用就是发现青蒿素受热就失去活性,想到了要用乙醚提取;因为中医是把药物煎成汤药来治疟疾的,而一旦加热到60摄氏度,青蒿素的结构就被破坏,失去了活性,杀不死虐原虫了。)
第一个将青蒿素运用到临床并证实它有效。
Vocabulary
Artemisinin青蒿素,一种用于治疗malaria(疟疾)的药物;青蒿素不是中药,而是从植物中提取的成分单一、结构明确的化学药。有很多化学药最初都是以植物为原料提取或合成的,例如阿司匹林、达菲。
青蒿在中国民间又称作臭蒿和苦蒿,属菊科一年生草本植物,在中国南北方都很常见。
malaria(疟疾),疟疾是一种通过蚊子传播的虫媒传染病,WHO将其列为世界三大死亡疾病之一(另外二大是艾滋病和癌症)。
Whileyouwatch
Video
Trueorfalse(30%)
1.ThisisthefirstNobelPrizegiventoaChinesescientistforworkcarriedoutwithinChina.
2.Tuis84yearsold,whoischiefprofessorattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.
3.Tuwashonoredforherdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltherapyagainstmalaria.
Choice(morethanoneanswerispossible)(10%)
1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutTuYouyou?
A.TuYouyouwinsNobelPrizeformedicine.
B.Tudiscoveredartemisininin,knowasQing-hao-suinChinese.
C.TuwontheLaskerAwardinClinicalMedicinefordiscoveringartemisininanddihydroartemisinin,usedalsototreatmalaria.
D.TuwasalsothefirstnativeChinesewhowaseducatedandworksinChinatowintheLaskeraward.
Fillintheblanks(60%)
1.TheNobelAssemblysaysthed_________oftheNobellaureatesrepresentaparadigmshiftinmedicine.Ithasnotonlyprovidedr_________therapiesforpatientssufferingfromdevastatingparasiticd________,buthasalsopromotedwellbeingandprosperityforbothi_________andsociety.
2.Thediscoveryofartemisininanditsuseint_________malariaareregardedasasignificantb_________intropicalmedicineinthe_______century.
3.Itisalsoamajorhealthimprovementforpeopleind________tropicalcountriesinsouthAsia,A_________,andSouthAmerica.
ExtraPoints(Englishwithaccents)(20%)
ProfessorUrbanLendahl,Nobelassemblymember
1.“TheNobela___________attheKarolinskaInstitutehastodaya___________theNobelPrizeinphysiologyorm_________withonehalfjointlytoWilliamC.CampbellandSatoshiOmurafortheirdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltherapyagainstinfectionscausedbyroundwormparasitesandtheotherhalftoYouyouTuforherd_________concerninganoveltherapyagainstMalaria,
JanAndersson,Nobelassemblymember
2.Theyhadstartedtodothew________traditionalwayofhavinglibraries,forinstance,whereyoucanactuallygetliterature,i____________onwhattherestoftheworldhasdone.
3.Theyhavealsolearnedtoc___________ingroups,becausethatishows________isdeveloped:youworkclosetogetherwithmanyotherpeople.Andyoualsolookfortheinternationalc_______via,forinstance,libraries,whereeverythingthathasdoneiss______.
4.SoIthinkit’sa在北京治疗白癜风要多少钱北京白癜风哪里好