经济学人精读疟疾是如何塑造历史的

本期导读

本文节选自《经济学人》期。人类能塑造历史，但一些非人为因素也能，比如疟疾。为什么美洲种植园主只想要非洲奴隶而不要当地土著印第安人呢？疟疾便是原因之一。

Bloodsuckers

History,writtenbythevectors

HowmalariahasshapedhumanityTwocenturiesago,atAnnaPépin’shouseonGoréeIsland,offthecoastofSenegal,ladieswithfashionablypointedhatssashayedupthestairstosipfinewinesinanairysalonwithastupendousviewoftheAtlantic.Underthestaircasewasawindowlesspunishmentcellforrecalcitrantslaves.Young,fertilewomenwereseparatedfromtheotherslaves,forreasonsasobviousastheyareodious.bloodsucker指“吸血动物，吸血鬼”标题中的vector指“（传染疾病的）介体，载体”sashay意思是“大摇大摆地走；神气地走”sip指“小口喝；抿”airy意思是“通风的；空气流通的”stupendous意思是“令人惊叹的”recalcitrant意思是“l不守规章的；不服从指挥的；桀骜不驯的”odious指“令人作呕的；令人讨厌的”Pépin,anAfro-Frenchtrafficker,musthaveheardhercaptivesrattlingtheirshacklesasshesharedcanapéswithherguests.Ifshelookeddownfromherbalcony,shemusthaveseenthembeingpushedthroughanarrowopening—the“doorofnoreturn”—andloadedontoshipsboundfortheAmericas.trafficker指“贩子”，这里指贩卖奴隶的人；动词是trafficcaptive意思是“囚徒”，这里指奴隶；动词是capture（捕获）rattle指“使发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音”shackle意思是“镣铐，枷锁”canapé意思是“小饼干，面包片”Historyispartlyshapedbyhumanchoices.Anevilinstitutioncannotexistwithoutevildoers.Buthistoryisalsoshapedbynon-humanforces.WhydidplantationownersintheNewWorldspecificallywantAfricanslaves,ratherthan,say,NativeAmericans?Onereasonismalaria,notesEloiColy,thecuratorofthemuseumofslaverythatPépin’shousehasbe

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